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JIANYUZHEIJIANSHI，HONGCAIHUIYOUBIYAOLAISHUOSHUOMINGCHAOCIQINEIXIESHIER。

MINGCHAO（1368NIAN1YUE23RI－1644NIAN4YUE25RI，1683NIAN10YUE3RICHEDIMIEWANG），SHIZHONGGUOLISHISHANGSHIJIYUANCHAOYIHOUYOUYIGEDAYITONGDEZHENGQUAN。LIJINGSHIERSHI、SHILIUWEIHUANGDI，GUOZUO276NIAN。

MINGDAIKAIGUOHUANGDIZHUYUANZHANG，JINGYOUCHENQIAOBINGBIAN，HUANGPAOJIASHEN，YU1368NIANZAINANJINGCHENGDI，BUJIU，ZAIJIANGXIJINGDEZHENJIANLIYUYAOCHANG，CHENGWEIMINGDAIJINGDEZHENZUIZAODEGUANYAO。

JINGDEZHENYUYAOCHANGYIZHI

MINGDAICIQITEZHENG：

1、ZAOXINGFENGMAN、HUNHOU、GUPO，QIXINGXIANTIAOROUHE、YUANRUN，JIRENYIZHIPO，ZHUANGZHONGZHIGAN。

MINGYONGLE QINGHUAZHEZHIRUIGUOWENMEIPING

2、TAITI，RUPING、ZUNDENG，DOUJIAOHOUZHONG。YUANQIZHIPINGMIANZAOXING，RUPAN、WANDENG，QITAITIYEJIAOQINGDAIHOUZHONG。

MINGYONGLE QINGHUAYUZAOWENYASHOUBEI

3、MINGDAIQINGHUACIQI，ZAOQIYUNSAN，ZHONGQIPIAOLIANG，WANQIFAHUI、ANDAN。

MINGZAOQI  YONGLE QINGHUASHOUTAOWENXIAOWAN

MINGZAOQI  XUANDE SHULIANPANJUBU

ZAOQIQINGHUAYUNSAN，YOUMIANXIANDEWENRUNFEIHOU，QIEYOULIMIANHUIXINGCHENGXIAOLIQIPAO

MINGZHONGQI  CHENGHUA QINGHUACHANZHIQIUKUIWENGONGWAN

CHENGHUAQINGHUACIQI，YIDANYA、CHENJINGDESEDIAOXINGYUTIANXIA。DANWANGWANGYINYOUZHIFEIHOU，QINGHUASEDAN，ERYOUYUNZHEWUZHANGRUOYINRUOXIANDEXIANXIANG。YOUYIDIZUDEQINGHUAKUANSEDIAO，BIAOXIANDEZUIWEITUCHU。QINGHUASEDIAONONGZHONGZHE，XIANGJINYUXUANDEWANQI，BINGHEDUOSHUQIANDANSEDIAO，TONGSHIBINGCUN。

MINGWANQI  TIANQI QINGHUACHUJIHUAGU

MINGWANQI  WANLI QINGHUALONGFENGDONGSHIHUAHUIWENCHUJIZUN

MINGWANQIQINGHUASEDIAOLANZHONGFANZI，HUIANYUNSAN，KAISHIMOHUBUQING，BINGKAISHICAIYONGXIANMIAOSHOUFA。

4、YONGLEXUANDECIQIDELIZIHENGUIJU，SUCHENG“JINGLI”，QITASHIQIDEPAN、WANLEI，NEIBIQIANPINGZHENG，YOUAOTUBUPINGZHIGAN。ZHUOQIDEFUBUKANDUOZHILIANGCENGDEXIANJIEHENJI。HONGZHIYIQIANZHUZHONGXIUTAI，JIEHENBUDAMINGXIAN，ZHENGDEYIHOU，DAOJIAJING、LONGQING、WANLIJIMINGMOGECHAO，TAITIJIEHENTEBIEXIANLU，MINYAOQIYOUSHEN。

5、MINGDAISUOYOUCIQILUTAICHU（DIZU、QIKOUDENG）DUOYOUHUOSHIHONGHENJIDEXIANXIANG。

MINGDAICIQIDIZUHUOSHIHONG

MINGXUANDE XIANHONGYOUKUIHUASHIXIDIBU

6、YOUMIANZUIDATEDIANWEIYOUZHIFEIHOU、ZIRUN，QINGHUAPINZHONGCHUCHENGHUA、HONGZHI、ZHENGDESANCHAOSHAOSHUQIWUYOUMIANJIEBAIWAI，QIYUJIEWEIQINGBAISE，SUCHENG“LIANGQINGYOU”。ZHEIZHONGBAIZHONGSHANQINGYOUMIANGUANCHUANYUZHENGGEMINGDAISHI。QIKOUJIZUBIANWEIYOUCHUIYOUHENJI。

MINGXUANDE CHANZHIWENQINGHUAGUAN

XUANDEYOUMIANTEDIANWEIJUPIWEN，QINGHUAQIYOUMIAN，CHENGLIANGQING，QIANQIYUHOUQIYOUMIANSHAOBAI，ZHONGQIWEIQINGBAISE。YOUMIANJUNHENXIRUN。

MINGCHENGHUA DOUCAIJIGANGBEI

MINGCHENGHUASHIQICIQITAIZHICHUNJIEXIRUN，TAITIQINGBO，YINGGUANGTOUSHICHENGYABAISEHUOROUHONGSE，RUZHIRUORU，YINGRUNGUANGJIE。YOUZHIFEIHOU，GUANGJIEJINGLIANG，TAIJINGYOUYIJING，GAOMUSHENYA，TONGZHENQIMIAO。DOUCAIWEICHENGHUACHUANGXINPINZHONG。

7、WENSHIDUOWEIXIEYI，HUAMIANHAOFANGSHENGDONG，HUALONGDUOXIONGMENG，ZUIBAXIANGZHUZUI，SUCHENG“ZHUZUILONG”，NUFAQIANCHONG，ZHUABUTUANCHENGYUANXING，YOUSANZHUA、SIZHUA、WUZHUA，WANQILONGWENYOUSHUAILAOZHITAI。QIANQISUOHUIFENGWENYUYUANDAIYIYANG，JINGBUWUFAMAO，ZAILONG、SHIJISHOUSHENSHANGDUODAIYOUHUOYANWEN。

JIAJINGYIHOUSUOHUAERTONGXINGXIANG，TOUBUHENDA，EJIAOJIHOUNAOSHAOTUCHU。BABAOTUANWEILUN、LUO、SAN、GAI、HUA、YU、GUAN、CHANG。WENZIZHUANGSHIYOUHUIWEN、BAISHOUZI、FUZIDENG。

MINGXUANDE QINGHUAKUILONGWENGUAN

MINGJIAJING QINGHUAFUSHOUKANGNINGYUNHEWENYANGZHONGSHIWAN

8、QIZU，DAJIANQIZU，DUOWEISHADI，YONGLE、XUANDEDAPANJUNWEIBAISHADI。MING DAIZAOQIHEWANQIDEYUANQIZUDI，CHANGYOUTADI、ZHANSHA、FANGSHEZHUANGGUAXUETIAODAOHEN，DAOMO QIGENGWEIMINGXIAN。

QIZUXINGZHUANGYOUZHIQUANZU、NEILIANQUANZU、WOZU、TAIJIESHIQUANZU、WAIQING NEIXIEXUESHIQUANZU、ZHIQIEQUANZU、BIXINGZU、PINGXUEQUANZU、SHENQUANZU、QIANQUANZU、GUAXUEPINGZUDENG。

MINGXUANDE QINGHUACHANZHIHUAWENTIANQIUPINGSHADI

MINGXUANDE QINGHUASONGZHUMEIWENPAN-DI

9、KUANSHI，MINGDAIYIQIANJINGDEZHENCIQIDUOBUSHUKUAN，YONGLEYIHOU，KAISHIZAIGUANYAOQIWUSHANGSHUXIEBENCHAONIANHAOKUAN，ZAIMINYAOQISHANGYOUTUJIKUAN，JIXIANGYUKUAN，SIJIARENMING KUAN。KUANZIDUOYIQINGHUASHUXIE，JIANYOUANKE，TUYIN，ZHUSHUDENG。

MINGHONGWU QINGHUACHANZHIMUDANWENLONGERPING

MINGYONGLE QINGHUAYUZAOWENYASHOUBEI-BEINEIZHUANSHUKUAN

YONGLESHI，KAISHISHUXIEDIZHINIANHAOKUAN，JUNWEISIZIZHUANSHU

CHUYONGLE、XUANDE、HONG ZHI、WANLIYOUZHUANSHUWAI，QIYUDUOWEIKAISHUKUAN，YILIUZISHUANGXINGHESIZISHUANGXINGWEIZHU，YI YOUJISHAOSHUWEIDANXINGHENGKUAN、HUANXINGKUAN、SHUKUAN。YIBANGESHIWEI“DAMINGXXNIANZHI”， LONGQINGSHIQIDUOWEI“DAMINGLONGQINGNIANZAO”，SHUXIEWEIZHI，YIBANXIEYUQIZUDIMIANKOUYANHUO QISHENSHANG。

MINGHONGZHI HUANGYOUPAN

MINGXUANDE QINGHUACHANZHIHUAHUIWENDAWAN

XUANDECIQISHUYOUNIANKUAN。JIAOYONGLESHIXIANZHUZENGDUO。YIBANWEILIUZIKAISHUKUANYIYOUSIZIDE，SHUXIEBUWEIBUDING，QUANSHENJUNKESHUXIE，YICAIYONGZHUANSHU，CENGYOUXUANDEKUANSHI“MANQISHEN”DESHUOFA。

MINGXUANDEHEZHENGDENIANKAISHUDIKUANXIE“DE”ZIWU“XIN”SHANGYIHENG，ZHUANSHUXIE“DE”ZI，“XIN”SHANGYOUYIHENG。

MEIGECHAODAIDECIQIDOUDAIBIAOLENEIGESHIDAIDUITAOCIDESHENMEIQUWEI，HONGCAIHUIWUFAQUPINGPANNAGEHAOHUOZHEBUHAO，RUOXIHUANZHIXUYAOJINGJINGXINSHANG。

DIANJIXIAMIANYUEDUYUANWENKEJINRUBUGUTAOCISHANGDIAN